看国外 | 美国:猪死后4小时,大脑可恢复部分活力

看国外 2019-05-20 10:51:46

The brain of a dead pig can be partially revived a few hours after the animal has died. That has been a remarkable outcome of a research at several US academic institutions.

猪的大脑可以在死后几小时恢复部分活力。这是美国几家学术机构一项研究获得的显著成果。

Some of the pig brain’s structural and functional cell functions could be restarted, the scientists found, when a fluid rich in oxygen was circulated through the organ. In order to do so, the researchers used the brains of 32 pigs and a system called BrainEx, pumping ‘blood’ with oxygen through the brains.

科学家们发现,当富含氧气的液体在猪的大脑中循环时,其大脑的一些结构和功能细胞可以重新启动。为了进行这项试验,研究员们使用了32头猪的大脑,以及一个名为BrainEx的系统,该系统负责向大脑输送富含氧气的血液。

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A researcher showing pig brains. These were not part of the research. Photo: Shutterstock

一位研究员展示猪的大脑,这些与试验无关。图片:Shutterstock

At an earlier stage, the team around Dr Nenad Sestan at Yale University, USA, had already noticed that removed brain tissue could still show electronic activity hours after death. This made them perform this trial.

早期,美国耶鲁大学Nenad Sestan博士的研究小组已经注意到,切除的脑细胞在死亡数小时后仍能显示出电子活动,因此做了这个试验。

Restoration of cellular functions in pig brains

猪脑细胞功能的恢复

In their report in Nature, the researchers wrote that it is widely known that large mammalian brains – including humans and pigs – are highly vulnerable to interruptions in blood flow and decreases in oxygen levels. The study described the restoration and maintenance of microcirculation and molecular and cellular functions of the intact pig brain under ex vivo normothermic conditions up to 4 hours post-mortem.

在一篇发表于《自然》杂志的报道中,研究员们写道,众所周知,大型哺乳动物的大脑——包括人脑及猪脑——非常容易受血流中断和氧气水平下降的影响。该研究描述了在死后四小时体外常温的情况下,完整猪脑的微循环、分子和细胞功能的恢复和维持。

The researchers wrote that they had developed “an extracorporeal pulsatile-perfusion system and a haemoglobin-based, acellular, non-coagulative, echogenic, and cytoprotective perfusate that promotes recovery from anoxia, reduces reperfusion injury, prevents oedema, and metabolically supports the energy requirements of the brain.”

研究人员写道,他们已经开发出“一种体外搏动灌注系统和一种以血红蛋白为基础、无细胞、无凝血、回声和细胞保护的灌注液,可以促进缺氧的恢复,减少再灌注损伤,防止水肿,并在代谢上支持大脑的能量需求。”

They continued to write: “With this system, we observed preservation of cytoarchitecture; attenuation of cell death; and restoration of vascular dilatory and glial inflammatory responses, spontaneous synaptic activity, and active cerebral metabolism in the absence of global electrocorticographic activity.”

他们还写道:“通过这个系统,我们观察到了细胞结构的保存、细胞死亡的衰减、恢复血管扩张和神经胶质炎症反应、自发突触活动,以及在没有皮质电活动的情况下,活跃的大脑新陈代谢。”

Pigs did not regain consciousness

猪不会恢复意识

The researchers did add, however, that this did not mean that the animal had regained consciousness or even brain functions to any degree – it just showed that there was cellular activity.

然而,研究人员补充说,这并不意味着动物恢复了意识,甚至在某种程度上也没有大脑功能——这个试验只是表明存在细胞活动。

The scientists stated that these findings demonstrate that “under appropriate conditions the isolated, intact large mammalian brain possesses an underappreciated capacity for restoration of microcirculation and molecular and cellular activity after a prolonged post-mortem interval.”

科学家们表示,这些发现表明,“在适当的条件下,分离的、完整的大型哺乳动物大脑具有一种被低估的能力,能够在死后较长时间里恢复微循环、分子和细胞活动。”

Unlike pig brains that were left alone for 10 hours after death, the organs that had been connected to the BrainEx system for 6 hours had not decomposed, while their cells and neurons were similar or in a better condition than for pig brains analysed 1 hour after death.

与死后10小时不受干扰的猪大脑不同,与BrainEx系统连接6小时的器官没有分解,而它们的细胞和神经元与死后1小时分析的猪大脑相似,或者处于更好的状态。

The findings by the researchers are sensitive. They raise the possibility that researchers could get better at salvaging a person’s brain even after the heart and lungs have stopped working. This, in turn, could have an effect on the debate on donation of organs.

这项发现很敏感。他们提出了一种可能性,即使心脏和肺已经停止工作,研究人员可以在抢救一个人的大脑上做得更好。这进而可能对器官捐献的讨论产生影响。

The research paper was written by Zvonimir Vrselja, Stefano G. Daniele, John Silbereis, Francesca Talpo, Yury M. Morozov, André M.M. Sousa, Brian S. Tanaka, Mario Skarica, Mihovil Pletikos, Navjot Kaur, Zhen W. Zhuang, Zhao Liu, Rafeed Alkawadri, Albert J. Sinusas, Stephen R. Latham, Stephen G. Waxman and Nenad Sestan. 

研究论文由Zvonimir Vrselja、Stefano G. Daniele、John Silbereis、Francesca Talpo、Yury M. Morozov、Andre M.M. Sousa、Brian S. Tanaka、Mario Skarica、Mihovil Pletikos、Navjot Kaur、Zhen W. Zhuang、Zhao Liu、Rafeed Alkawadri、Albert J. Sinusas、Stephen R. Latham、Stephen G. Waxman和Nenad Sestan撰写。

原文链接

https://www.pigprogress.net/Health/Articles/2019/4/Pig-brains-partly-revived-after-4-hours-421563E/

来源:Pig Progress

(文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译,爱猪网原创,转载请注明出处)



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