来源：Pig Progress
Assistant professor, Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, US
美国俄亥俄州立大学动物科学系助理教授
The recent outbreaks of African Swine Fever in Europe and Asia sometimes have far-reaching consequences, of having to depopulate entire farms. It is vital that the process is carried out with a keen eye in order to minimise stress or pain for the animals, writes pig welfare expert Dr Monique Pairis-Garcia.
近期在欧洲及亚洲持续爆发非洲猪瘟，由于需要彻底清群，常常产生深远影响。生猪福利专家Monique Pairis-Garcia博士写道，这个过程的执行需要敏锐的眼光，以尽力减少生猪的应激或痛苦。
African Swine Fever has continued to maintain its relevancy in the start of the New Year. With the most recent outbreaks reported in Mongolia and Gansu province of China, our vigilance remains heightened as the concern for continued spreading remains. Apart from the concerns on how this disease will impact economics and trade on the international level, understanding the impact of foreign animal diseases on pig welfare is extremely important.
新年以来，非洲猪瘟疫情还持续在蔓延。最新的疫情在蒙古和中国甘肃爆发，疫情继续蔓延的担忧仍然存在，我们应该继续保持高度警惕。除了关注非洲猪瘟将如何影响国际经济和贸易之外，了解外国动物疾病对猪福利的影响也是非常重要的。
Large-scale eradication is challenging
大规模清群具有挑战性
Large-scale eradication of any species is logistically and emotionally challenging. Depopulation of livestock species occurs most commonly as a means to minimise the spread of a disease by controlling or eradicating the population affected. Unlike euthanasia, which is defined by the American Veterinary Medical Association as ending the life of an animal in a way that minimises or eliminates pain and distress.
大规模对任何物种进行清群在逻辑上和情感上都具有挑战性。牲畜物种的减少通常是通过控制或根除受影响的牲口来减少疾病传播的一种手段。与安乐死不同，美国兽医协会把安乐死定义为，以一种最小化或消除痛苦和痛苦的方式结束动物的生命。
An empty pig house after this farm had to be depopulated due to ASF. Photo: Vincent ter Beek
由于非洲猪瘟爆发，该猪场对其所有生猪进行了扑杀，猪舍空空如也
Depopulation includes destroying animals in a quick and efficient manner while taking into account the welfare of these animals as much as possible. Animal welfare at the time of depopulation may be compromised when the resources available and urgency of the situation fails to allow the producer to implement the most humane method of euthanasia possible.
清群也包括在快速有效消灭动物的同时，尽量把动物福利考虑在内。当现有资源和紧急情况不允许生产商实施最人道的安乐死方法时，清群时动物福利可能会受到损害。
What to consider when working in ASF areas?
在非瘟爆发区域工作应注意什么？
Given the circumstances that surround us in the face of ASF, the following points originating from the World Organization for Animal Health Terrestrial Animal Health Code should be considered for all that work directly with pigs in areas that are or may be infected with ASF.
鉴于目前面临着非洲猪瘟，以下世界动物卫生组织陆生动物卫生规范的要点，值得所有在感染或可能感染非瘟地区猪场工作的人注意。
· The depopulation technique utilised should be effective for the species and age of the pig. Euthanising mature boars and sows can be difficult given skull shape and thickness. When utilising firearms or captive bolt guns, Ensuring appropriate firearm type and cartridge load is critical;
· Methods should be used that result in immediate death or loss of consciousness;
· Personnel implementing depopulation should have the skills and experienceto do so effectively;
· Distress and suffering should be minimised prior to loss of consciousness. This includes minimising the amount of handling and restraint required to implement the euthanasia technique;
· Infected animals should be killed first, followed by animals within contact and those remaining on the site;
· The psychological and emotional impact of depopulation by those performing the act and owners of animals must be addressed.
· 所采用的技术应对猪的种类和年龄有效。考虑到头骨的形状和厚度，对成年公猪和母猪实施安乐死是很困难的。使用枪械或自锁螺栓枪时，确保适当的枪械类型和弹药量至关重要；
· 应使用立即致死或失去意识的方法；
· 实施清群的人员应具备有效做到这一点的技能和经验；
· 在失去意识之前，应尽量减少猪所遭受的应激和痛苦。这包括尽量减少实施安乐死技术所需的处理和限制；
· 应首先杀死受感染的生猪，然后杀死接触到的生猪，最后是留在现场的动物；
· 必须解决清群对执行人和农场主的心理和情感的影响。
Ensuring an appropriate method for depopulation
清群的合适方式
Although no one wants to have this happen to his or her site, ensuring an appropriate method for depopulation that takes into account the welfare of the animal is important. It is often a failure in preparation and lack of resources that result in the implementation of inappropriate methods for depopulation.
虽然没有人希望自己的猪场发生这样的事情，但一旦发生，采取一种合适的、符合动物福利的清群方式也很重要。通常是由于准备不充分、资源缺乏，导致清群方式不恰当。
It is our ethical responsibility as caretakers and members of the swine industry that we ensure good individual welfare in the situations in which we are in control. Identifying and preparing for the worst case scenario will not only allow us to better minimise risk and decrease disease risk, but maintain the integrity of ensuring the welfare of our animal remains a priority regardless of the scenario placed before us.
作为养猪业的管理者和成员，我们的道德责任是在我们可控的情况下确保良好的生猪福利。识别并为最坏的情况做好准备，不仅可以使我们更好地降低风险和降低疾病风险，而且无论我们面临的情况如何，确保动物福利的完整性仍然是一个优先事项。
