看国外 | 丹麦农民示范低排放猪舍是如何建设的

看国外 2019-02-22 17:57:35

(来源:Pig Progress

Danish pig farmer Jørgen Berth developed his own type of pig house which is low in emissions. He uses manure pits in combination with extraction, making sure that the pig house’s indoor climate remains fresh. 

丹麦养猪户Jørgen Berth 用自己的方式打造了一个低排放的猪舍。他使用粪坑和提取物的结合,确保猪舍的室内空气保持新鲜。

As Jørgen Berth is already retired, this Danish pig farmer is at liberty to do what he enjoys most: innovating. The day-to-day management of the Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) pigs is a job for his son. Originally, Mr Berth wasn’t a pig person anyway – he was educated as a chemical engineer and worked in the plastics business for a long time.

由于Berth已经退休,他可以自由地做他最喜欢做的事情:创新。对特定的无病原猪(SPF)的日常管理是他儿子的工作。起初,Berth并不是一名养猪户——他受的是化学工程师的教育,在塑料行业工作了很长时间。

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Nowadays, he applies his knowledge about plastics in designing his emission-low pig house which tackles the ammonia problem right at the source. At several km away from his home location with 4,000 pig places, he owns a second pig location with a capacity of 2,250 pig places, with grower pigs from 7kg until market weight. It’s on this location where he is renovating a pig house, making it low in emissions.

如今,他将自己对塑料的了解应用于设计自己的低排放猪舍,从源头上解决氨气问题。在距离他养了4000头猪的养猪场的几公里处,他拥有第二个养猪场,容量为2250头从7kg到出栏体重的育肥猪。就在这个地方,他正在整修一个节能减排的猪舍。

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Berth farm in Randers, Denmark. Photo: Kees van Dooren

Frequent manure removal

经常清除粪便

The major principles behind the Berth design are frequent manure removal, the reduction of the manure surface and this all in combination with manure pit extraction. In order to achieve that, he developed prefabricated manure pits. In these square manure pits, a funnel has been installed, collecting the manure. Gases coming into existence there are being extracted through gaps just underneath the slatted floor.

From there, the gaseous substances will be sent, through the space between the side of the manure pit and the funnel, to an air scrubber which is located just outside the pig house. Thus, ammonia and other gaseous substances will not enter the pig house. Mr Berth says, “The ventilation I mainly do for constant pig house temperature. Not so much for creating a fresh climate.”

Berth设计的主要原则是经常清除粪便,减少粪便表面,这一切都与粪坑提取相结合。为了达到这个目的,他开发了预制粪坑。在这些方形的粪坑里,安装了一个收集粪肥的漏斗。存在的气体通过板条地板下方的缝隙被抽取。从那里,气态物质将通过粪坑侧面和漏斗之间的空间被送到位于猪舍外面的空气洗涤器。因此,氨气和其他气体物质不会进入猪舍。Berth说:“我做的通风主要是为了保持猪舍的恒温。这对创造一个新的气候来说不算什么。”

Another advantage of frequent manure removal is that the amount of manure in the system is significantly reduced. This means also the formation of methane is significantly reduced - which increases the biogas potential.

经常清除粪便的另一个优点是系统中的粪便量显著减少。这也意味着甲烷的形成会显著减少,从而增加了沼气的可能性。

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A cassette from up close. Manure will disappear through the funnel. Photo: Kees van Dooren

近距离的一盒磁带。粪便会从漏斗中消失

During the renovation, it was perfectly visible as to how the concept will be working. The manure pits are being placed one against another. In order to arrange a good manure extraction, the end of each funnel is being connected to a subterranean sewer. At the end of the sewer, there is a valve to allow the manure to flow out. That valve is located outside.

在装修期间,这一概念将如何发挥作用,这是完全可见的。粪坑一个挨着另一个。为了安排一个好的粪肥提取,每个漏斗的末端被连接到地下下水道。在下水道的末端,有一个阀门让粪便流出。那个阀门在外面。

The manure pits can come in any size desired. In this specific pig house, Mr Berth will work with a space of one third slatted floor, the remainder being a solid floor. Pens of this size weigh roughly 70kg and the plastic’s thickness is about 8mm.

粪坑可以有任何尺寸。在这个特定的猪舍中,Berth将使用一个三分之一漏缝地板的空间,其余的是实木地板。这种尺寸的猪圈重约70公斤,塑料的厚度约为8毫米。

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Snapshot of the construction works of the emission low pig house. Photo: Kees van Dooren

低排放猪舍建设工程概况

Moon Project

月球计划

For 2 years now, Mr Berth has been participating in the so-called ‘Moon Project’, which was initiated by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food. That project has been running for several years. Its goal is to develop a pig industry with a minimal emission levels. The driving forces behind the project take the following line of thought: If it is possible to have a man on the moon, it also has to be possible to keep pigs without obnoxious gases being emitted.

2年来,Berth一直参与由丹麦环境与食品部发起的所谓“月球计划”。那个项目已经运行了好几年了。其目标是以最低的排放水平发展养猪业。该项目背后的驱动力有以下思路:如果可能有人在月球上,也必须有可能保持猪不排放令人讨厌的气体。

Mr Berth has been participating for 2 years and that is for a reason. In the past, the goal of the research was for the design of new pig houses. These days, however, the project also is open to making existing pig houses low in emission. In recent years, Mr Berth has invested € 1.6 million into the project as well as the ongoing development of manure pits, ‘cassettes’, as he likes to call them. The amount was subsidised by the ministry by 50%. The project is part of the Green Development and Demonstration Programme (GUDP).

Berth已经参加了2年,这是有原因的。过去,研究的目标是设计新的猪舍。然而,如今,该项目还有另一个目标,降低现有猪舍的排放量。近年来,Berth在该项目上投入了160万欧元,并继续开发粪坑,他喜欢称之为“磁带”。财政部补贴了50%。该项目是绿色发展和示范计划(GUDP)的一部分。

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Manure is transported away once a week. Photo: Kees van Dooren

粪肥每周运走一次

Close to a natural area

靠近自然区域

Mr Berth purchased the home location back in 1991. At that site, he now keeps about 4,000 finisher pigs. Having that farm constructed was also hard work, due to its proximity to an area that is reserved for nature development. Mr Berth explains, “What is present here are all the possible restrictions you can think of against keeping pigs.

Berth在1991年购买了这套房子。在那个地方,他现在养了大约4000头育肥猪。建造农场也是一项艰巨的工作,因为它靠近一个为自然发展保留的地区。Berth解释说:“这里存在所有你能想到的限制养猪业的可能性。”

To keep that amount of pigs, Mr Berth had to convert his pig house to become low in emissions. Without doing so, the maximum number of finisher pigs allowed would have been 200. That is why he chose to include an extraction unit next to the manure pits at his home location. The basement design at the second location is different. The manure will not be caught in a funnel shaped pit, but more likely in a half round pit.

为了保持猪的数量,Berth不得不把他的猪舍改造成低排放的。如果不这样做,可容纳的育肥猪数量最多是200头。这就是为什么他选择在他家附近的粪坑里安装一个提取装置。第二个位置的地下室设计不同。粪肥不会被收集在漏斗形的坑中,但更可能被收集在半圆形的坑中。

Mr Berth is living in a square farm house next to the pig house. He states that pig odours never bother him and he prefers to keep things that way. He says, “In essence, it is just an industrial company. I do not want to smell odours constantly.”

Berth住在猪舍旁边的一个方形农舍里。他说,猪的气味从来没有打扰过他,他更喜欢让事情保持原本的状态。他说,“本质上,这只是一家工业公司。我不想经常闻到气味。”

Ammonia reduction is at least 90%, he says. The ministry carries out regular checks, and truth be told, no pig odours can be smelled. All in all, the concept seems to work.

他说,氨的还原率至少为90%。经过卫生部定期检查,说实话,没有猪的气味。总之,这个概念似乎有效。

(文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译,爱猪网原创,转载请注明出处)


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