Early in June 2019, reports emerged from China that shopping mall operator Guangdong Highsun Group Co had announced it was backing the development of an African swine fever vaccine. Highsun said that it would spend 26 percent of its 2018 net assets on supporting research into a natural compound that the company claimed had proven to prevent the contagious disease.
6月初，有报道称，广东某公司宣布其在支持开发一种非洲猪瘟疫苗。该公司表示，将把2018年净资产的26%用于一种天然化合物的研究，该公司声称，这种化合物已被证明可以预防这种非洲猪瘟。
China's Shenzhen Stock Exchange sought further information from Highsun after its announcement triggered a 10 percent surge in its shares, causing a trading suspension.
中国深圳证券交易所(Shenzhen Stock Exchange)向该企业寻求更多信息，此前该公司的公告引发其股价飙升10%，导致交易暂停。
Many experts were also sceptical of the research behind the development of the vaccine, and rightly so, as China’s Ministry of Agriculture later released a statement that the company had not received a research application and that without experimental data, the claim that a polysaccharide injection is effective in preventing the virus lacked scientific proof.
许多专家也对该疫苗研究持怀疑态度,理当如此,后来中国农业部发布的一份声明表示,该公司尚未收到研究申请,无实验数据支撑,其声称多糖注射可有效预防病毒缺乏科学证据。
Dr Dixon, The Pirbright Institute, agreed with the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture in that there is no evidence for a scientific basis to the claims being made by Highsun. This said, it would not be the first time that antivirals have been used to combat a highly virulent disease.
The Pirbright Institute的迪克森博士（Dr Dixon）同意中国农业部的观点，她认为，上述公司的说法没有科学依据。尽管如此，这并不是抗病毒药物第一次被用于对抗高毒性疾病。
“Antivirals could play a role in reducing virus replication and hence slowing down or stopping the spread of that disease,” she says. “Proof of concept for this approach was obtained by an antiviral company, ViroVet, for classical swine fever virus.
她说:“抗病毒药物可以在减少病毒复制方面发挥作用，从而减缓或阻止这种疾病的传播。”这种方法的概念证明是由一家抗病毒公司ViroVet针对典型的猪瘟病毒获得的。
“We are working with ViroVet to further investigate the antivirals they have characterised for ASF.”
“我们正在与ViroVet合作，进一步研究他们针对非瘟的抗病毒药物。”
The Pirbright Institute have their very own African swine fever group who are certainly making progress in their ASF vaccine research.
The Pirbright Institute有自己的非洲猪瘟小组，他们在ASF疫苗研究方面也取得了进展。
“We have been conducting research to underpin vaccine development by improving understanding of how the virus evades hosts defences, especially the main antiviral response type I Interferon,” explains Dr Dixon.
迪克森博士解释说:“我们一直在进行研究，通过提高对病毒如何逃避宿主防御，特别是主要的抗病毒反应I型干扰素的了解，为疫苗开发提供支持。”
“This knowledge has been applied to the development of gene-deleted live attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines.
“这一知识已应用于开发基因删除的非洲猪瘟减毒活疫苗。
“We have shown that deleting several interferon inhibitory genes can produce a virus that doesn’t cause disease but induces an immune response that protects pigs from disease caused by the deadly virus. We are fine tuning these deletions to achieve the necessary safety and efficacy standards for commercial development of the vaccine.
“我们已经证明，删除几个干扰素抑制基因可以产生一种病毒，这种病毒不会引起疾病，但会引发一种免疫反应，保护猪不受这种致命病毒引起的疾病的影响。我们正在对这些缺失进行微调，以达到疫苗商业化开发所需的安全和有效性标准。
“We have identified genes that can be deleted which could be used for a companion diagnostic test to distinguish infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) test. This test would be used to monitor vaccination and confirm a disease eradication.
“我们已经确定了可以删除的基因，这些基因可以用来作为一种辅助诊断测试，以区分感染和接种疫苗的动物(DIVA)测试。这项测试将用于监测疫苗接种和确认疾病是否根除。
“Our second approach for vaccine development involves identifying which of the viruses 170 genes code for proteins that are immunogenic and can induce a cellular or antibody response. These are being taken forward to develop vaccines by delivering pools of genes in safe virus vectors to pigs and determining which pools can induce an immune response that protects pigs against challenge with the deadly virus.
“我们开发疫苗的第二种方法是识别170种病毒中哪些基因编码的蛋白质具有免疫原性，能够诱导细胞或抗体反应。通过向猪提供安全病毒载体中的基因池，并确定哪些基因池可以诱导免疫反应，从而保护猪不受致命病毒的攻击，这些基因池正用于疫苗开发。
“We are also trying to understand which immune mechanisms correlate with the protection induced- the types of cellular and antibody responses that are important. We have carried out two different screens for immunogenic proteins, one published in 2018 and one published this month.”
“我们还尝试了解哪些免疫机制与诱导的保护有关——细胞和抗体反应的类型是重要的。我们对免疫原蛋白进行了两种不同的筛选，一种于2018年发表，另一种于本月发表。”
Other researchers in Spain have also been working on ASF virus DNA, with recent studies showing that a naturally attenuated ASFv isolate from wild boar in Latvia can induce protection in pigs and wild boar, which suggests this could be a potential vaccine candidate. Commercially relevant research is protected by patent before publications so some reports are delayed on this matter, explains Dr Dixon.
西班牙的其他研究人员也一直在研究非瘟病毒的DNA，最近的研究表明，从拉脱维亚的野猪中分离出的一种自然减毒的非瘟病毒可以在家猪和野猪中产生保护作用，表明了这可能是一种潜在的候选疫苗。迪克森博士解释说，商业相关的研究在发表之前受专利保护，因此一些关于这个问题的报告有所推迟。
A number of institutions are now part of the race to rid the global pig herd of one if its most contagious diseases but not so many have been successful.
全球许多机构都参与了这场消除最具传染性生猪疾病的竞赛中，但成功的机构并不多。
Earlier this month (2 July), the Vietnam News Agency and Vietnam Television reported on the progress of researchers at the Vietnam National University of Agriculture in their development of a successful vaccine. Again, experts have been sceptical of the claims, with the university’s director, Nguyen Thi Lan later admitting that the vaccine still needed further development and required testing on a larger scale.
本月早些时候(7月2日)，越南通讯社和越南电视台报道了越南国立农业大学（Vietnam National University of Agriculture）研究人员在成功研制非瘟疫苗方面的进展。专家们再次对这一说法表示怀疑，该校校长阮氏兰(Nguyen Thi Lan)后来承认，疫苗仍需要进一步开发，需要更大规模的测试。
The race to eradicate African swine fever continues.
根除非洲猪瘟的竞赛仍在进行中。
原文链接：
https://thepigsite.com/articles/how-close-are-we-to-developing-a-vaccine-for-african-swine-fever
文章来源：The Pig Site
（文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译，爱猪网原创，转载请注明出处）
