看国外 | 西班牙:可为野猪接种疫苗预防非瘟

看国外 2019-05-15 10:01:33

Wild boar can be immunised against African Swine Fever (ASF) by a new vaccine delivered to the animals in their food, according to new research from Spain.

根据西班牙的一项新研究,野猪可以通过一种新疫苗预防非洲猪瘟(ASF),这种疫苗通过野猪的食物给药。

Published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science, it is the 1st report of a promising inoculation against the virus. The study also provides evidence that this immunity can be passed on via contact with immunised individuals, but further studies are needed to examine exactly how this occurs, as well as the safety of repeated administration.

发表在《兽医科学前沿》杂志上的这篇文章,是首个有望接种这种病毒的报告。这项研究还提供了证据,表明这种免疫可以通过与免疫个体接触来传递,但还需要进一步的研究来检验这种情况的发生机制,以及重复给药的安全性。

Dr Jose Angel Barasona, a researcher at the Spanish Visavet Health Surveillance Centre, part of the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Dr Barasona is also co-author of the research. He said in a press release shared by the scientific publication: “ASF is of enormous concern to the pig industry. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the first oral vaccine against this disease on Eurasian wild boar. Overall, we demonstrate that oral immunisation of wild boar conferred 92% protection against a highly pathogenic strain of African Swine Fever, which is currently circulating in Asia and Europe.”

Jose Angel Barasona何塞·安吉尔·巴拉索纳(Jose Angel Barasona)博士是西班牙马德里孔普卢腾斯大学西班牙Visavet健康监测中心的研究员。巴拉索纳博士也是这项研究的合著者。他在一份由科学出版物共享的新闻稿中说:“非洲猪瘟对养猪业来说是一个巨大的担忧。我们的研究证明了首个口服疫苗对欧亚野猪的有效性。总的来说,我们证明,对野猪进行口服免疫可以使92%的猪免受目前在亚洲和欧洲流行的高致病性非洲猪瘟毒株的感染。”

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A healthy wild boar in a forest in Germany. Photo: Shutterstock

德国森林里一头健康的野猪。照片::Shutterstock

High fever, loss of appetite and death

高烧、食欲不振甚至死亡

African Swine Fever affects more than 55 countries on 3 continents, including China, which contains nearly half of the world’s pig population. The virus is highly contagious and transmission can occur by the movement of infected livestock and across wild boar populations. It is this latter form of infection that Dr Barasona and his colleagues hope to prevent.

非洲猪瘟影响了包括中国在内的三大洲55多个国家,中国的猪只数量占世界猪只总数的近一半。该病毒具有高度传染性,可通过受感染牲畜的移动和野猪种群间的传播发生。巴拉索纳博士和他的同事希望能够预防后一种形式的感染。

He said, “Wild boar is the most severely affected by this virus in Europe and to date, none of the control measures have been effective. The importance of vaccinating wild boar was demonstrated during the 2000’s when Classical Swine Fever affected different European countries, and an oral vaccine was used to reduce the incidence of infection in the wild populations in Germany.”

他说:“就欧洲而言,野猪是受这种病毒影响最严重的,到目前为止,没有任何有效控制措施。接种野猪疫苗的重要性在2000年得到了证明,当时欧洲不同国家都出现了典型的猪瘟,在德国,一种口服疫苗被用于降低野生种群感染的发生率。”

The complex nature of the ASF virus, gaps in knowledge concerning infection and immunity, as well as technical difficulties, have hindered vaccine development. But in 2017, a wild boar in Latvia provided a breakthrough.

ASF病毒的复杂性质、关于感染和免疫的知识空白以及技术困难阻碍了疫苗的开发。但2017年,拉脱维亚的一头野猪带来了突破。

Dr Barasona said, “Serum from a wild boar hunted in Rietumpieriga, Latvia, was confirmed as ASF virus positive at the EU reference laboratory in Madrid, Spain. This was a weakly virulent strain of the disease, which enabled us to produce a live vaccine. When we inoculated wild boar in our laboratories with this live strain, they showed no symptoms of this disease but produced antibodies against the virus, ultimately giving them protection against the more dangerous form.”

巴拉索纳博士说:“一头在拉脱维亚Rietumpieriga被猎杀的野猪的血清在西班牙马德里的欧盟参考实验室被证实为ASF病毒阳性。这是一种弱毒性的病毒株,让我们能够生产出活疫苗。当我们在实验室里给野猪接种这种活菌株时,它们没有表现出这种疾病的症状,而是产生了对抗病毒的抗体,最终使它们能够抵御更危险的病毒。”

Immunity can be passed on via contact

免疫可以通过接触传递

When tested, as well as proving its effectiveness against one of the most dangerous strains of ASF, it revealed an additional capability to immunise other wild boar through contact with orally vaccinated animals.

经测试,不仅证明了它对最危险的ASF菌株之一的有效性,还显示了通过与口服疫苗的动物接触,其他野猪也能获得免疫。

“The ‘shedding’ of this vaccine might help amplify vaccination coverage, reducing the need for expensive production and large-scale administration of vaccine in the field,” explained Dr Barasona.

巴拉索纳博士解释说:“这种疫苗的‘脱落’可能有助于扩大疫苗接种的覆盖面,减少该领域对昂贵的生产和大规模疫苗管理的需求。”

This vaccine, which would be administered in bait to the wild animals, represents considerable progress in the control of ASF in the wild and, subsequently, at the domestic/wildlife interface. However, Dr Barasona cautioned more research is needed before it can be used widely.

这种疫苗将使用于野生动物的诱饵中,在控制野生动物的ASF方面取得了相当大的进展,随后在国内/野生动物层面也取得了进展。然而,巴拉索纳博士警告说,在广泛应用之前还需要更多的研究。

Mitigating the uncontrolled spread of ASF

减轻ASF不受控制的蔓延

He said, “If the safety of the vaccine can be established, then it may help mitigate the uncontrolled spread of African Swine Fever across Europe and Asia, like the success so far in halting the spread of Classical Swine Fever. Future studies should examine the vaccine’s safety following repeated administration, the process of ‘shedding’, and its genetic stability during passage from one animal to another.”

他说:“如果这种疫苗的安全性能够得到证实,那么它就可能有助于缓解非洲猪瘟在欧洲和亚洲的不受控制的蔓延,就像迄今为止在阻止传统猪瘟传播方面取得的成功一样。未来的研究应该对疫苗的安全性进行检验,包括反复注射、‘脱落’的过程,以及在从一种动物传到另一种动物的过程中基因的稳定性。”

The research paper was authored by Jose A. Barasona, Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández, Cristina Jurado, Belén Rivera, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos, Marisa Arias and Jose M. Sánchez Vizcaíno, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; and Carmina Gallardo, European Union Reference Laboratory for ASF, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Madrid, Spain.

该研究报告由西班牙马德里孔普卢腾斯大学的Jose A. Barasona、Estefania cadena - fernandez、Cristina Jurado、Belen Rivera、Antonio Rodriguez-Bertos、Marisa Arias和Jose M. Sanchez Vizcaino和欧洲联盟非瘟参考实验室、西班牙马德里动物研究中心(INIA-CISA) Carmina Gallardo撰写。

原文链接

https://www.pigprogress.net/Health/Articles/2019/5/Wild-boar-can-be-immunised-for-ASF-using-a-vaccine-426407E/

来源:Pig Progress

(文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译,爱猪网原创,转载请注明出处)


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