看国外 | 欧盟:人是影响非瘟传播的重要因素(下)

看国外 2019-07-03 10:41:08

上文描述了欧盟国家非洲猪瘟疫情的爆发情况,以及菲利普•胡达特博士(Dr Philippe Houdart)在欧洲猪健康管理研讨会(ESPHM)上的发言,本文将继续讲述胡达特博士及安德里亚•加维内利博士(Dr Andrea Gavinelli)的看法,以及欧盟成员国下一步措施。

Expanding ASF infected zones

非瘟区域在扩大

Dr Houdart mentioned that the affected zones had been expanded ever since the first outbreaks. Every time when that happened, new farms had to be checked. In case biosecurity turned out not to be top notch, euthanasia of pigs was compulsory.

Dr Houdart also touched on fencing in the areas affected by ASF. They served a triple purpose, he said, being:

• To avoid the spread of disease by keeping the wild boar fenced in;

• To facilitate hunting; and

• To avoid repopulation.

5月份的ESPHM上,胡达特博士(Dr Houdart)提到,自第一次非洲猪瘟疫情爆发以来,受影响地区已经扩大。每当这种情况发生时,就必须检查新的农场。万一生物安全没有达到最佳水平,必须强制对猪实施安乐死。

胡达特博士还谈到了围栏在ASF影响区域的作用。他说,围栏的目的有三:

•通过把野猪关在围栏里来避免疾病传播;

•便于狩猎;

•避免影响猪只再增长。

He explained that simple metallic fencing was used, of which over 100 km was put into place. This was locally reinforced by repellents. He did mention, however, one challenge to this type of approach is that there are motorways or villages causing fragmentation of the fencing.

他解释道,使用的是简易金属围栏,其中100多公里的围栏已经就位。他还提到,局部使用了驱避剂加强效果。不过,他也表示,这种方法面临一个挑战,高速公路或村庄会导致围栏断裂。

The EU view on managing ASF

欧盟对ASF管理的看法

With outbreaks in Belgium appearing to be under control, it’s interesting to zoom out and see what the human factor has led to in other zones within the EU. Dr Andrea Gavinelli, on behalf of DG-Sante, part of the European Commission, presented the ASF situation in Europe from a helicopter angle. Apart from Belgium, the virus can also be found in the Baltic states, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Italy. Italy – or rather the island of Sardinia – is an exception in this list, as the virus has been endemic there for many years.

比利时的疫情似乎得到了控制,现在我们缩小范围,看看人为因素在欧盟其他地区造成什么影响。安德里亚·加维内利博士(Dr Andrea Gavinelli)代表的DG-Sante,是欧洲委员会的一部分,他从直升机视角介绍了ASF在欧洲的情况。除了比利时,波罗的海国家、波兰、匈牙利、罗马尼亚、保加利亚和意大利也发现了这种病毒。意大利——或者更确切地说撒丁岛——是这个名单上的一个例外,因为该病毒已经在那里流行多年。

Dr Gavinelli gave some interesting figures, i.e. that the EU member states with ASF together represent 18.4% of the pig production and took care of 18.2% of all exports (prior to the outbreaks). He also summarized how many farm outbreaks have been taking place in the EU and most notably Romania jumped out with 1,164 outbreaks in domestic pigs in 2018 alone (see Table 1). No wonder then that in all EU ASF maps of Europe, Romania received a red color.

加维内利博士给出了一些有趣的数据,即受ASF影响的欧盟成员国中,其生猪生产加起来占总量的18.4%,占所有出口的18.2%(在疫情爆发前)。他还总结了欧盟农场爆发的猪流感疫情,其中最引人注目的是罗马尼亚,仅2018年就爆发了1,164起生猪疫情(见表1)。因此欧洲ASF分布地图上,罗马尼亚被标为红色也不足为奇了。

Table 1 - ASF outbreaks in domestic pigs, May 2019.

表1 - 2019年5月生猪ASF暴发情况。

图片1.png

By Pig Progress Created with LocalFocus

* This amount has gone up to 5 (OIE, June 17, 2019). Source: Andrea Gavinelli, DG-Sante,European Commission; presentation at ESPHM, May 2019.

*这一数字已经上升到5 (OIE, 2019年6月17日)。资料来源:安德里亚·加文内利,DG-Sante,欧洲委员会;于2019年5月在ESPHM上发表。

Dr Gavinelli summed up a host of fields where the EU plays an important and coordinating role, like e.g. regionalization, legislation, scientific advice, research, preparedness, audits, financial support, guidance, public awareness, urgent intervention and international cooperation.

加维内利博士总结了欧盟发挥着重要协调作用的多个领域,例如区域化、立法、科学建议、研究、准备、审计、财政支持、指导、公众意识、紧急干预和国际合作。

Minimizing the negative impact of ASF outbreaks

尽量减少ASF暴发的负面影响

With regard to regionalization, Dr Gavinelli said that this concept is being applied to “minimize the negative impact of disease outbreaks on the EU single market and on exports”. Again, the importance of the human factor was emphasized when he touched on key elements for successful regionalization:

• Flexibility/ predictability;

• Transparency;

• Risk-based/ proportionality;

• Rapidity.

关于区域化,加维内利博士表示,这一概念正被用于“将疾病爆发对欧盟单一市场和出口的负面影响降至最低”。此外,他在谈到成功区域化的关键因素时,亦强调人为因素的重要性:

•灵活性/可预测性;

•透明公开;

•风险/比例;

•速度。

图片2.png 

Dr Andrea Gavinelli at the ESPHM in Utrecht in May. Photo: Vincent ter Beek

安德里亚·加维内利博士(Dr Andrea Gavinelli)于5月在乌得勒支的ESPHM上发言。图:Vincent ter Beek

Dr Gavinelli mentioned a total of roughly € 95 million had been spent on programs and emergency measures implemented by the member states to combat ASF. From his overview emerged a picture that roughly half of that amount is for research programs; the other half for emergency measures.

加文内利博士提到,各成员国为抗击ASF而实施的方案和紧急措施总共花费了大约9,500万欧元。从他的概述中可以看出,其中大约一半用于项目研究;另一半用于紧急措施。

Next EU steps in the fight against ASF

下一步,欧盟将采取措施抗击ASF

For the EU, Dr Gavinelli said, next steps will focus on scientific research, risk assessment, reviewing the European measures for ASF, maintaining the highest political involvement and keeping the dialogues going with 3rd countries.

加维内利博士说,对于欧盟来说,下一步的重点将是科学研究、风险评估、审查欧洲针对ASF的措施、保持最高的政治参与度以及保持与第三国的对话。

As if he wanted to emphasize how important it is to influence human behavior, those steps are complemented by financial support and awareness campaigns.

他似乎想强调影响人类行为的重要性,这些措施还得到了财政支持和宣传活动辅助。

来源:Pig Progress

作者:Vincent ter Beek

(文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译,爱猪网原创,转载请注明出处)


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