John Gadd
In previous contributions, pig management expert John Gadd gave a long checklist on how to be prepared as a swine farmer, should African Swine Fever occur in the direct vicinity. Now what does that look like in practice? Here is a design.
前面的文章中，养猪管理专家John Gadd已经列出了一份长长的清单，告诉养猪户，万一附近地区发生了非洲猪瘟，应该怎么办。那么，在实践中这样的猪场是什么样的？以下是一种设计。
This layout goes a long way to defend the unit from any inward disease – such as the current threat of African Swine Fever (ASF).
这种布局可以很好地保护猪场，不受外来疾病侵袭，比如目前面临的威胁——非洲猪瘟。
I suggest you study it carefully and compare your own premises and layout to it.
建议大家仔细研究，并和自家的猪场布局对比一下。
Some of the ideas you will not be able to accomplish due to feasibility and cost. Others, as several producers have found, have been possible and after taking a deep breath have been affordable. Those considering a new unit should design in all the suggestions, everyone. Those expanding an existing unit would be well advised for their future security against incoming disease, to follow as many as they can.
出于可行性及成本考量，有些想法可能实现不了。但是，几位养猪户反应，其余的条件是可以实现的，并且勒紧腰带也负担得起。如果你正在考虑建一个新场子，那么，每一条建议都应该采取。如果是想在原基础上扩建，那么，为了长远地防范外来疾病，这些建议采取得越多越好。
Separating farm staff and pigs from anything outside
猪场员工和猪群应与外界一切事物隔离
The underlying principle of the design is to have an inviolate perimeter fence, so as to separate the farm staff and their pigs from any outside contact, both physical and any surface used.
这个布局的一个基本原则是设计一道坚固的围栏，切断猪场员工和猪群与外部的接触，包括物理接触及任何使用过的物品表面的接触。
Figure 1 - ‘Fortress farm’: A biosecure layout minimising contact and contamination.
图一 坚不可摧的猪场：减少接触与污染的生物安全布局
Next, the farm is divided into 2 areas, one where visitors' footwear, clothes, utensils and vehicles never cross into the areas used by the farm staff and likewise the farm staff (and of course their pigs) never travel over surfaces available to ‘outside’ individuals and their vehicles. Notice that the surfaces used by the farm staff and their vehicles (A, B and C on the plan) are fenced off securely from those surfaces used by visiting people and their vehicles, such as those delivering supplies, including bulk feeds and equipment, and others removing finished pigs for sale and any dead stock to be disposed.
其次，猪场分成两个区域，一个供来访者使用，他们的鞋子、衣服、工具和车辆不会进入到猪场员工的区域；同样的，猪场员工和猪群也不会接触到对外来者开放的区域。注意，猪场员工及其车辆可用的区域（图示A、B、C区）已经筑起一道安全围栏，与来访者及其车辆（比如必需品的运送，包括饲料、设备等）隔离开，并和待出售的育肥猪、待处理的死畜所经之路隔开。
Keeping your farm staff ‘in’ their working areas is as important as keeping all others ‘out’ of them.
让猪场员工待在他们自己的工作区域，和让其它外部事物远离他们一样重要。
Visiting veterinarian
兽医来访
Only the visiting veterinarian is allowed in (via the staff showers) but it is essential that he leaves his vehicle either off the farm or in the visitor’s car park, and his equipment enters via the delivery’s drop-off point. The same goes for other outside professionals – electricians, plumbers, ventilationists and those needed to fix equipment and computers must only enter by the staff entry facilities.
只允许兽医（经过员工沐浴通道）进入猪场，但他必须把车停在远离猪场的地方或者来访者指定停车处，他的工具经由指定入口送入。其他外部专业人员也是如此，电工、水管工、通风设备维修工、其它设备维修工及电脑维修人员，只能从员工入口进入猪场。
Birds and rodents can in theory get into a well-protected farm. This needs attention too! Photo: 123RF.com
理论上，鸟类和啮齿动物也可以进入一个保护良好的猪场，这也应当引起注意。
Of course rodents and birds can transgress these barriers – the answer is to appoint both a rodent controller member of the staff, and have another one responsible for bird control.
当然，啮齿动物和鸟类可以越过这些屏障，解决办法是任命一名专职人员对啮齿动物进行控制，同时另外聘请一名负责控制鸟类的工作人员。
【相关阅读】
看国外 | John Gadd：如何让猪场远离非洲猪瘟？（1）
看国外 | John Gadd：预防非洲猪瘟（2） -如何打造坚不可摧的猪场
（文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译，爱猪网原创请勿转载）
