看国外 | 何时才是仔猪断奶的最佳时期?(上)

看国外 2019-06-17 10:13:50

Weaning age is very important for a piglet’s health and its later performance as a finisher pig. The right moment plays an important role in the pig’s robustness and resilience. A later weaning age can even lead to a reduced need for antibiotic usage.

断奶年龄对仔猪的健康以及育肥时期的生产性能都非常重要。正确的断奶时机对猪的健康生长和恢复能力起着重要的作用。断奶年龄较晚甚至可能减少对抗生素的需求。

In nature, wild boar usually wean at an age of three to four months, with the process being a gradual one. For domesticated pigs, things are different. After all, weaning age is usually a lot lower and often weaning happens abruptly. All that will tremendously impact pig health.

在自然界中,野猪通常在三到四个月的时候断奶,这是一个循序渐进的过程。对于圈养的猪来说,情况就不一样了。毕竟,断奶年龄通常要小得多,而且常常很突然。这些都将严重影响猪的健康。

图片1.png

It is important to take care for optimal climate conditions in the weaner pig house. 

Photo: Van Assendelft Fotografie

在断奶仔猪舍中,保持最佳的气温条件非常重要。

图:Van Assendelft Fotografie

Weaning age trends

断奶年龄趋势

Over the course of years, there have been various trends in weaning age across the globe, going from extremely young to relatively old, and with differences between various countries. For instance, in research from 2012 and 2013, there was an average weaning age of:

• 23.5 days in Belgium (between 19.0 and 28.0)

• 24.0 days in France (between 19.5 and 34.5)

• 24.4 days in Germany (between 19.3 and 32.6); and

• 35.1 days in Sweden (between 28.0 and 49.0).

随着时间推移,全球各地仔猪断奶年龄出现了各种各样的趋势,从非常年幼到相对大龄,各国之间也存在着差异。例如,在2012年和2013年的研究中,平均断奶年龄为:

•比利时23.5天(19.0 - 28.0天)

•法国24.0天(19.5 - 34.5天)

•德国24.4天(19.3 - 32.6天)

•瑞典35.1天(28.0 - 49.0天)

In this research, the minimum was at 19 days in Belgium. The type of week system used there often has a big influence on weaning age. Figure 1 shows the average weaning ages per week system, using research data from a 2014 study in Belgium.

在这项研究中,比利时的断奶年龄是最小的。采用不同周制通常对断奶年龄有较大影响。图1显示了平均每周制断奶年龄,数据来自2014年比利时一项研究。

Figure 1 – Average weaning age per week system.

图1 -每周平均断奶年龄系统

图片2.png

Legislation

立法

In the European Union, legal minimum requirements for pigs can be found in EU directive 2008/120/EEC. With regard to weaning age, the directive says, “No piglets shall be weaned from the sow at less than 28 days of age unless the welfare or health of the dam or the piglet would otherwise be adversely affected. However, piglets may be weaned up to seven days earlier if they are moved into specialised housings which are emptied and thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before the introduction of a new group and which are separated from housings where sows are kept, in order to minimise the transmission of diseases to the piglets.”

在欧盟,法定最低断奶年龄可参阅欧盟指令2008/120/EEC。关于断奶年龄,该指令显示,“除非母猪或仔猪的福利或健康受到不利影响,否则,仔猪不得在28天日龄之前断奶。然而,假如事先清空并彻底消毒清洁专用猪舍,可以提前七天断奶,把猪群引入新猪舍,与母猪分开,以减少疾病传播给仔猪的几率。”

In short, according to legislation, weaning has to happen on day 28 or beyond – and only in exceptional cases weaning is allowed at 21 days, on the condition that the right circumstances apply. Weaning prior to 21 days is never allowed.

简而言之,根据立法,断奶必须在第28天或之后进行——只有在特殊且合适的情况下,才可以在第21天开始断奶。但决不可在小于21天前断奶。

未完待续……

下篇将接着讲述国外多年研究中,不同断奶年龄对猪场效益及抗生素使用情况的影响,敬请期待!

(文/爱猪网记者刘坤颖编译,爱猪网原创,转载请注明出处)


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